Kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom ntxeem tau suab nrov

1. Keeb kwm ntawm cov khoom siv suab nrov

Tib neeg tau paub ntev tias cov ntaub tuaj yeem thaiv lub suab zoo, yog li los ntawm prehistoric mus rau Egyptian thiab txawm Roman lub sij hawm, tib neeg tau siv fabrics, reeds, quav nyab, thiab lwm yam raws li suab-absorbing cov ntaub ntawv los tshem tawm echoes thiab tiv thaiv suab nrov, ua rau tib neeg xis nyob. . Cov ntaub ntawv no yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau, thiab qhov sib txawv me me ntawm lawv ua rau lawv cov khoom siv suab nrov, thiab cov khoom siv fiber ntau cov suab-absorbing tseem ua lawv lub luag haujlwm rau niaj hnub no.

Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, ntau lub teb chaws thiab cov neeg tau ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb acoustic thiab tau txais ntau yam kev paub, tab sis kev tshawb fawb ntawm suab-absorbing cov ntaub ntawv yeej ib txwm txwv. Cov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv suab-absorbing yog ze rau txoj kev xav ntawm sab hauv acoustic tsim. Thaum kawg, xyoo 1898, WC Sabin tau tsim txoj kev xav ntawm reverberation, thiab taw qhia tias lub suab nqus tau ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab hauv chav reverberation, thiab kev tsim cov khoom siv suab nrov nkag mus rau lub sijhawm tshiab.

Txij xyoo 1910 txog rau xyoo 1915, nws tau ua haujlwm nrog lub tuam txhab, thawj zaug tsim lub lauj kaub tais diav, thiab tom qab ntawd ib lub cib ntxeem tau, rau lub Koom Txoos St. Thomas' thiab Riverside Church hauv New York. Txhawm rau "ua kom qhov muag muag thiab kev nplua nuj ntawm lub cev lub suab," nws hais kom siv 1-inch-tuab xav thiab hlau boards spaced 1/4-inch sib nrug hauv chav suab paj nruag; Txhawm rau nqus cov zaus tsawg, nws tau hais kom siv cov ntaub nyias nyias ntawm cov ntoo 1 nti tuab. Nws tuaj yeem hais tias nws tau tso lub hauv paus rau kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub hauv chav acoustics.

Kuv lub teb chaws acoustics pib nyob rau hauv 1929. Tom qab xib fwb Ma Dayou nrhiav tau lub Acoustics Research Laboratory nyob rau hauv 1957, kuv lub teb chaws txoj kev tshawb fawb acoustics tau ua tau zoo heev. Raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Xib Fwb Ma Dayou, kuv lub teb chaws tau tshaj tawm txoj kev xav ntawm micro-perforated suab-absorbing lub cev, thiab tsim ib lub qhov me me muffler kom txo tau cov suab nrov airflow. Thiab tsim txoj cai siab ntawm airflow suab nrov. Nws tau tso lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau kev txhim kho acoustics hauv kuv lub tebchaws.

Nyob rau xyoo 1950 cov neeg pib kawm txog kev xav ntawm lub suab. Los ntawm Haas nyhuv hauv xyoo 1951, binaural lub rooj sib hais nyob rau xyoo 1960s

Los ntawm lub tswv yim thiab cov cim qhia xws li clarity thiab binaural correlation coefficient IACC tau npaj rau xyoo 1970s, cov kev xav no muab kev txhawb nqa theoretical txhim khu kev qha rau kev npaj cov khoom siv suab nrov. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, kev tshawb fawb txog cov khoom siv suab nrov tau pib ua kom tob thiab ua tib zoo. Txoj kev kawm ntawm cov khoom siv suab nrov kuj muaj lwm yam khoom ntxiv nrog rau kev ua suab nrov. Cov yam ntxwv xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thermal thiab kho qhov muag ntawm cov khoom, dej tsis kam, hluav taws kub, kev tu, kev tsim kho thiab kev kos duab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab kev xaiv thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom siv suab nrov tau maj mam ua kom meej dua. Nyob rau hauv lub theatre tsim, cov neeg tuaj saib kuj kawm nyob rau hauv kom meej raws li ib tug loj lub suab absorber.

Raws li lub suab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xoob thiab ntxeem tau, tib neeg tau tsim cov khoom siv suab nrov, uas yog cov ntaub ntawv ntxeem tau suab-absorbing. Cov ntaub ntawv ntxeem tau yog cov khoom siv suab nrov tshaj plaws tam sim no. Nws hom muaj xws li inorganic thiab organic fibrous ntxeem tau suab-absorbing cov ntaub ntawv. cov ntaub ntawv, ua npuas ncauj zoo li ntxeem tau suab-absorbing cov ntaub ntawv, granular ntxeem tau suab-absorbing cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab innovation ntawm acoustics thiab technology, kev mob siab rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm acoustic neeg ua hauj lwm thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub lag luam, yuav muaj tshiab ntxeem tau suab- absorbing cov ntaub ntawv. Tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv ntxeem tau lub suab nrov tau siv dav hauv cov rooj sib tham, cov rooj sib tham, cov rooj sib tham, thiab lwm lub tsev uas xav tau suab nrov.

2. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm porous suab absorbing cov ntaub ntawv

Cov khoom uas hu ua ntxeem tau lub suab-absorbing yog hais tias cov khoom no yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom ribs thiab micropores los yog qhov khoob. Porous suab-absorbing cov ntaub ntawv muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm interconnected micropores los yog qhov khoob, thiab cov pores yog me me thiab sib npaug sib npaug ntawm cov khoom, qhib rau sab nraud thiab mus tob rau hauv cov khoom. Lub suab nqus tshuab yog tias thaum lub suab nthwv dej tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom, ib feem ntawm nws tau xav txog ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab lwm qhov nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom siv sab hauv thiab nthuav tawm rau pem hauv ntej. Kev sib txhuam tshwm sim ntawm cov tav los yog lub qhov phab ntsa, thiab lub suab lub zog hloov mus rau hauv lub zog hluav taws xob thiab dissipated vim lub viscosity thiab kub conduction nyhuv. Tom qab lub suab nthwv dej tau cuam tshuam rau ntawm phab ntsa nruj, thaum nws dhau los ntawm cov khoom siv thiab rov qab los rau saum npoo, ib feem ntawm lub suab nthwv dej tau xa mus rau saum huab cua, thiab ib feem ntawm lub suab nthwv dej tau rov qab los rau hauv cov khoom. Ua rau cov khoom nqus tau qee lub suab lub zog. Lub suab nrov nrov tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog ntawm cov huab cua hauv qhov sib txawv, thiab cov cua kub sib txawv ntawm cov huab cua thiab cov phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov yog nrawm dua. Qhov no ua rau cov khoom ntxeem tau muaj lub suab nrov zoo nqus cov khoom.

3. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom ntxeem tau suab-absorbing

Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj suab nrov-absorbing muaj cov suab nrov-absorbing zoo dua thiab yog cov khoom siv suab nrov tshaj plaws. Thaum pib, cov ntaub ntawv no yog cov khoom siv organic xws li hemp thiab paj rwb, thiab tam sim no lawv yog iav ntaub plaub thiab pob zeb wool.

3.1 Cov khoom siv fiber ntau

Cov ntaub ntawv fiber ntau yog muab faib ua cov organic fiber ntau suab-absorbing cov ntaub ntawv thiab inorganic fiber suab-absorbing cov ntaub ntawv raws li lawv lub cev thiab tsos.

3.1.1 Organic fiber ntau

Ib txwm siv cov khoom siv fiber ntau suab-absorbing muaj suab zoo-absorbing zog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab siab zaus ntau yam, thiab roughly muab faib ua tsiaj fibers thiab cog fibers. Tsiaj cov ntaub ntawv fiber ntau muaj xws li kev xav thiab cov ntaub pua plag ntshiab, uas yog qhov zoo ntawm lub suab nqus kev ua tau zoo thiab cov nyhuv kho kom zoo nkauj, tab sis yog kim thiab tsis tshua siv. Cov khoom siv fiber ntau, xws li cov khoom siv fiber ntau xws li qab zib fiberboard, ntoo fiberboard, cement wood fiberboard, thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj fiber ntau xws li acrylonitrile fiber, polyester fiber, melamine, thiab lwm yam, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv no tsis zoo hluav taws kub, corrosion kuj, thiab noo noo tsis kam. , daim ntawv thov raug txwv los ntawm ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob.

3.1.2 Inorganic fiber cov ntaub ntawv

Inorganic fiber ntau cov ntaub ntawv muaj xws li pob zeb wool, iav ntaub plaub, slag wool thiab aluminium silicate fiber wool, thiab lwm yam. Vim lawv lub suab zoo nqus, lub teeb yuag, tsis muaj npauj, tsis muaj rot, tsis muaj combustion, tsis muaj aging, thiab lwm yam, lawv tau maj mam. hloov cov tsoos Natural fiber sound-absorbing cov ntaub ntawv tau lug siv nyob rau hauv acoustic engineering. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias cov fiber ntau yog nkig thiab yooj yim tawg, cov hmoov fiber ntau yuav ya saum huab cua, thiab cov hmoov av tsim yuav khaus tawv nqaij, ua paug rau ib puag ncig, thiab cuam tshuam rau kev ua pa, uas yog nws qhov tsis zoo hauv daim ntawv thov. Piv nrog cov hluavtaws organic fibers, iav fibers thiab ntuj fibers tsis yooj yim rau lub hnub nyoog, uas tau siv los ua kom zoo dua ntawm iav fiber ntau cov ntaub ntawv kev ua tau zoo, tab sis los ntawm kev xav ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, cov khoom siv tsis yooj yim rau degrade kom nws thiaj li dhau los ua. khib nyiab. Secondary pollution ntawm ib puag ncig.

3.2 Cov khoom ua npuas ncauj

Cov ntaub ntawv ua npuas ncauj feem ntau yog ua npuas ncauj yas, polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yas, ua npuas ncauj iav thiab aerated qhob. Raws li cov xov tooj sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua npuas ncauj, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov cell kaw, qhib hlwb thiab semi-qhib hlwb. Lub kaw-cell foams hu ua kaw-cell foams, cov uas txuas rau ib leeg yog hu ua open-cell foams, thiab cov uas txuas nrog thiab kaw yog semi-open-cell foams.

3.2.1 Kaw Cell Foams

Cov khoom siv hlau ua npuas ncauj nrog kaw-cell qauv yog sawv cev los ntawm kaw-cell foamed aluminium. Lub suab nqus coefficient ntawm kaw-cell foamed aluminium yog qhov tsawg, vim tias nws nyuaj rau lub suab tsis tau mus txog rau sab hauv ntawm qhov pores thiab cuam tshuam nrog nws. Tsuas muaj qee qhov tawg thiab micropores. Nws tsis tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv suab nrov zoo.

3.2.2 Semi-Qhib Cell Ua Npuas Ncauj

Lub semi-qhib-cell aluminium ua npuas ncauj tuaj yeem npaj los ntawm kev kub siab infiltration, thiab thaum lub sijhawm nws npaj, qhov kev cia siab ntawm qhov pore txuas tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov kev npaj.

3.2.3 Qhib Cell Foams

Lub porosity thiab pore zoo tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev tswj cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm cov khoom, thiab cov khoom siv porosity siab tuaj yeem ua. Txij li thaum cov ntaub ntawv qhib-cell ua npuas ncauj muaj cov qauv kev sib txuas thiab cov voids sab hauv, nws muaj qhov ua haujlwm siab, yog li qhib-cell foams muaj siab txaus. Lub zuag qhia tag nrho lub suab nqus kev ua tau zoo ntawm cellular aluminium foam yog zoo dua li ntawm cov cell kaw.

3.3 Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj

Granular cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau yog muab faib ua blocks thiab daim hlau. Blocks feem ntau muaj xws li slag suab-absorbing cib, nthuav perlite suab-absorbing cib, thiab terracotta suab-absorbing cib, uas feem ntau yog siv rau mufflers nrog loj masonry seem. Lub rooj tsavxwm feem ntau suav nrog kev nthuav dav perlite suab-absorbing board, uas yog lub teeb hauv qhov hnyav, tsis muaj hluav taws xob, txuag hluav taws xob, rwb thaiv tsev kub thiab tsis muaj zog. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nyhuv nqus suab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv granular yog qhov tsis zoo, yog li lawv feem ntau siv rau lub sijhawm uas yuav tsum muaj siab rau kev tiv thaiv ya raws thiab tiv thaiv hluav taws.

3.4 Cov khoom siv hlau

Porous suab-absorbing cov ntaub ntawv uas ua nrog hlau hmoov raws li raw cov ntaub ntawv yog tshiab suab-absorbing ntaub ntawv uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, xws li Carrom hlau suab-absorbing panels ua nyob rau hauv Nyiv. Nws qhov zoo dua yog tias nws muaj zog ntawm cov hlau, thiab nws tuaj yeem khoov thiab txiav nrog cov cuab yeej yooj yim. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no nyias nyias thiab yuav tsum tau cia siab rau cov kab noj hniav tom qab.

4. Yav tom ntej Outlook

Tam sim no, tom qab kawm txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub suab-nqus cov khoom thiab lub suab nqus coefficient, tib neeg tau tsim cov ntaub ntawv zoo li lub suab nrov nrov, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lub suab nqus thiab kev sib kis ntawm qee qhov band. Thiab fiber ntau suab-absorbing cov ntaub ntawv tau pib qhia lawv lub zog tseem ceeb vim lawv pheej yig, thiab cov khoom siv suab-nqus tau pib ua si lawv cov txiaj ntsig ruaj khov hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb.

Txhawm rau hloov cov ntxhia fiber ntau suab-absorbing cov ntaub ntawv uas tsim kev puas tsuaj rau kev noj qab haus huv, lub teb chaws Yelemees thawj zaug tsim ib lub phaj micro-perforated, ntsuab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig resonance suab-absorbing qauv. Nws muaj daim ntawv thov dav dav hauv kev tswj lub suab nrov hauv kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv huab cua ib puag ncig uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias, siv suab nrov lossis nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum muaj kev huv huv, yog li nws tseem yuav yog qhov kev tshawb fawb uas yuav txuas ntxiv txhim kho yav tom ntej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog. expansion ntawm suab nrov absorption. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm acoustic bandwidth thiab suab nrov tsawg, siv cov khoom sib txawv los yog micro-perforated derived qauv- saj zawg zog raj bundles perforated phaj suab haum qauv, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm micro-perforated daim hlau thiab cov qauv nyob rau hauv txawv ib puag ncig piv.

Xws li cov ntawv thov nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, siab siv lub suab thiab lwm qhov chaw, nws muaj ntau yam kev cia siab rau daim ntawv thov.

Nrog rau kev nce qib hauv zej zog, tib neeg muaj kev xav tau siab dua thiab siab dua rau qhov zoo ntawm lub suab ib puag ncig. Ib qho khoom siv suab nrov tuaj yeem ua tsis tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm lub suab. Ntawm cov khoom siv khib nyiab, kev tshawb fawb txog kev npaj cov khoom siv suab nrov los ntawm cov khoom pov tseg xws li blast furnace slag, ya tshauv, thiab thee gangue yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog, thiab muaj peev xwm npaj cov khoom siv suab nrov los ntawm steel slag, tailings hmoov. , siv pov tseg, thiab lwm yam raws li raw cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau tshawb nrhiav ntxiv. , kom paub txog cov nqi qis thiab kev lag luam siv cov khoom siv suab nrov.

Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, "ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg" thiab "kev nyab xeeb" acoustic cov ntaub ntawv yuav yog lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Eco-ib puag ncig kev tiv thaiv thiab kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov yog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim kho vaj tsev nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua tshiab, thiab tseem yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb hauv lub xyoo pua 21st. Kev tsim cov khoom siv suab nrov uas tsis muaj teeb meem rau tib neeg lub cev, tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo muaj qhov kev thov zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them rau qhov zoo nkauj tsim ntawm cov khoom, kom cov khoom siv suab nrov yog ob qho tib si siv tau thiab ornamental.